ABAP Select data from SAP table /SPE/VBFS into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP /SPE/VBFS table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to /SPE/VBFS. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the /SPE/VBFS table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_/SPE/VBFS TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF /SPE/VBFS,
      WA_/SPE/VBFS TYPE /SPE/VBFS,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: </SPE/VBFS> TYPE /SPE/VBFS.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_/SPE/VBFS.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM /SPE/VBFS
  INTO TABLE IT_/SPE/VBFS.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM /SPE/VBFS
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_/SPE/VBFS2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_/SPE/VBFS INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_/SPE/VBFS2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_/SPE/VBFS ASSIGNING </SPE/VBFS>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
</SPE/VBFS>-MANDT = 1.
</SPE/VBFS>-SAMMG = 1.
</SPE/VBFS>-VBELN = 1.
</SPE/VBFS>-POSNR = 1.
</SPE/VBFS>-ETENR = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_/SPE/VBFS INTO WA_/SPE/VBFS.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_/SPE/VBFS-ZAEHL, sy-vline,
  WA_/SPE/VBFS-MSGID, sy-vline,
  WA_/SPE/VBFS-MSGNO, sy-vline,
  WA_/SPE/VBFS-MSGTY, sy-vline,
  WA_/SPE/VBFS-MSGV1, sy-vline,
  WA_/SPE/VBFS-MSGV2, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_/SPE/VBFS you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_/SPE/VBFS TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_/SPE/VBFS INTO WA_/SPE/VBFS.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field SAMMG
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_/SPE/VBFS-SAMMG
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_/SPE/VBFS-SAMMG.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field VBELN
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_/SPE/VBFS-VBELN
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_/SPE/VBFS-VBELN.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field VBELN_VL
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_/SPE/VBFS-VBELN_VL
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_/SPE/VBFS-VBELN_VL.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_/SPE/VBFS_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
SAMMG TYPE STRING,
VBELN TYPE STRING,
POSNR TYPE STRING,
ETENR TYPE STRING,
ZAEHL TYPE STRING,
MSGID TYPE STRING,
MSGNO TYPE STRING,
MSGTY TYPE STRING,
MSGV1 TYPE STRING,
MSGV2 TYPE STRING,
MSGV3 TYPE STRING,
MSGV4 TYPE STRING,
SMART TYPE STRING,
VBELN_VL TYPE STRING,
POSNR_VL TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_/SPE/VBFS_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_/SPE/VBFS_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_/SPE/VBFS_STR-SAMMG sy-vline 
WA_/SPE/VBFS_STR-VBELN sy-vline 
WA_/SPE/VBFS_STR-POSNR sy-vline 
WA_/SPE/VBFS_STR-ETENR sy-vline 
WA_/SPE/VBFS_STR-ZAEHL sy-vline 
WA_/SPE/VBFS_STR-MSGID sy-vline 
WA_/SPE/VBFS_STR-MSGNO sy-vline 
WA_/SPE/VBFS_STR-MSGTY sy-vline 
WA_/SPE/VBFS_STR-MSGV1 sy-vline 
WA_/SPE/VBFS_STR-MSGV2 sy-vline 
WA_/SPE/VBFS_STR-MSGV3 sy-vline 
WA_/SPE/VBFS_STR-MSGV4 sy-vline 
WA_/SPE/VBFS_STR-SMART sy-vline 
WA_/SPE/VBFS_STR-VBELN_VL sy-vline 
WA_/SPE/VBFS_STR-POSNR_VL sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.