ABAP Select data from SAP table ACHEAD into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP ACHEAD table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to ACHEAD. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the ACHEAD table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_ACHEAD TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ACHEAD,
      WA_ACHEAD TYPE ACHEAD,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <ACHEAD> TYPE ACHEAD.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_ACHEAD.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM ACHEAD
  INTO TABLE IT_ACHEAD.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM ACHEAD
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_ACHEAD2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_ACHEAD INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_ACHEAD2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_ACHEAD ASSIGNING <ACHEAD>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<ACHEAD>-BLDAT = 1.
<ACHEAD>-BUDAT = 1.
<ACHEAD>-XBLNR = 1.
<ACHEAD>-BKTXT = 1.
<ACHEAD>-BLART = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_ACHEAD INTO WA_ACHEAD.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_ACHEAD-BUKRS, sy-vline,
  WA_ACHEAD-XINVR_CURV, sy-vline,
  WA_ACHEAD-KURSF, sy-vline,
  WA_ACHEAD-WAERS, sy-vline,
  WA_ACHEAD-WWERT, sy-vline,
  WA_ACHEAD-BVORG, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_ACHEAD you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_ACHEAD TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_ACHEAD INTO WA_ACHEAD.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit EXCRT, internal->external for field KURSF
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_EXCRT_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_ACHEAD-KURSF
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_ACHEAD-KURSF.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field BELNR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_ACHEAD-BELNR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_ACHEAD-BELNR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit GJAHR, internal->external for field GJAHR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_GJAHR_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_ACHEAD-GJAHR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_ACHEAD-GJAHR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_ACHEAD_STR, 
BLDAT TYPE STRING,
BUDAT TYPE STRING,
XBLNR TYPE STRING,
BKTXT TYPE STRING,
BLART TYPE STRING,
BUKRS TYPE STRING,
XINVR_CURV TYPE STRING,
KURSF TYPE STRING,
WAERS TYPE STRING,
WWERT TYPE STRING,
BVORG TYPE STRING,
BELNR TYPE STRING,
NUMPG TYPE STRING,
MONAT TYPE STRING,
BRNCH TYPE STRING,
BLART_TXT TYPE STRING,
BUKRS_TXT TYPE STRING,
WAERS_TXT TYPE STRING,
XMWST TYPE STRING,
GJAHR TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_ACHEAD_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_ACHEAD_STR-BLDAT sy-vline 
WA_ACHEAD_STR-BUDAT sy-vline 
WA_ACHEAD_STR-XBLNR sy-vline 
WA_ACHEAD_STR-BKTXT sy-vline 
WA_ACHEAD_STR-BLART sy-vline 
WA_ACHEAD_STR-BUKRS sy-vline 
WA_ACHEAD_STR-XINVR_CURV sy-vline 
WA_ACHEAD_STR-KURSF sy-vline 
WA_ACHEAD_STR-WAERS sy-vline 
WA_ACHEAD_STR-WWERT sy-vline 
WA_ACHEAD_STR-BVORG sy-vline 
WA_ACHEAD_STR-BELNR sy-vline 
WA_ACHEAD_STR-NUMPG sy-vline 
WA_ACHEAD_STR-MONAT sy-vline 
WA_ACHEAD_STR-BRNCH sy-vline 
WA_ACHEAD_STR-BLART_TXT sy-vline 
WA_ACHEAD_STR-BUKRS_TXT sy-vline 
WA_ACHEAD_STR-WAERS_TXT sy-vline 
WA_ACHEAD_STR-XMWST sy-vline 
WA_ACHEAD_STR-GJAHR sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.