ABAP Select data from SAP table M_VMCFA into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP M_VMCFA table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to M_VMCFA. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the M_VMCFA table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_M_VMCFA TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF M_VMCFA,
      WA_M_VMCFA TYPE M_VMCFA,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <M_VMCFA> TYPE M_VMCFA.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_M_VMCFA.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM M_VMCFA
  INTO TABLE IT_M_VMCFA.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM M_VMCFA
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_M_VMCFA2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_M_VMCFA INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_M_VMCFA2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_M_VMCFA ASSIGNING <M_VMCFA>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<M_VMCFA>-MANDT = 1.
<M_VMCFA>-VKORG = 1.
<M_VMCFA>-KUNRG = 1.
<M_VMCFA>-FKTYP = 1.
<M_VMCFA>-FKDAT = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_M_VMCFA INTO WA_M_VMCFA.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_M_VMCFA-FKART, sy-vline,
  WA_M_VMCFA-ERNAM, sy-vline,
  WA_M_VMCFA-ERDAT, sy-vline,
  WA_M_VMCFA-KUNAG, sy-vline,
  WA_M_VMCFA-VBELN, sy-vline,
  WA_M_VMCFA-RFBSK, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_M_VMCFA you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_M_VMCFA TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_M_VMCFA INTO WA_M_VMCFA.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field KUNRG
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_M_VMCFA-KUNRG
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_M_VMCFA-KUNRG.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field KUNAG
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_M_VMCFA-KUNAG
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_M_VMCFA-KUNAG.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field VBELN
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_M_VMCFA-VBELN
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_M_VMCFA-VBELN.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_M_VMCFA_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
VKORG TYPE STRING,
KUNRG TYPE STRING,
FKTYP TYPE STRING,
FKDAT TYPE STRING,
FKART TYPE STRING,
ERNAM TYPE STRING,
ERDAT TYPE STRING,
KUNAG TYPE STRING,
VBELN TYPE STRING,
RFBSK TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_M_VMCFA_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_M_VMCFA_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_M_VMCFA_STR-VKORG sy-vline 
WA_M_VMCFA_STR-KUNRG sy-vline 
WA_M_VMCFA_STR-FKTYP sy-vline 
WA_M_VMCFA_STR-FKDAT sy-vline 
WA_M_VMCFA_STR-FKART sy-vline 
WA_M_VMCFA_STR-ERNAM sy-vline 
WA_M_VMCFA_STR-ERDAT sy-vline 
WA_M_VMCFA_STR-KUNAG sy-vline 
WA_M_VMCFA_STR-VBELN sy-vline 
WA_M_VMCFA_STR-RFBSK sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.