ABAP Select data from SAP table T021M into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP T021M table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to T021M. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the T021M table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_T021M TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF T021M,
      WA_T021M TYPE T021M,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <T021M> TYPE T021M.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_T021M.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM T021M
  INTO TABLE IT_T021M.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM T021M
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_T021M2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_T021M INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_T021M2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_T021M ASSIGNING <T021M>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<T021M>-MANDT = 1.
<T021M>-PROGN = 1.
<T021M>-ANWND = 1.
<T021M>-SRVAR = 1.
<T021M>-FELD1 = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_T021M INTO WA_T021M.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_T021M-FELD2, sy-vline,
  WA_T021M-FELD3, sy-vline,
  WA_T021M-FELD4, sy-vline,
  WA_T021M-FELD5, sy-vline,
  WA_T021M-TNAM1, sy-vline,
  WA_T021M-TNAM2, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_T021M you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_T021M TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_T021M INTO WA_T021M.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_T021M_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
PROGN TYPE STRING,
ANWND TYPE STRING,
SRVAR TYPE STRING,
FELD1 TYPE STRING,
FELD2 TYPE STRING,
FELD3 TYPE STRING,
FELD4 TYPE STRING,
FELD5 TYPE STRING,
TNAM1 TYPE STRING,
TNAM2 TYPE STRING,
TNAM3 TYPE STRING,
TNAM4 TYPE STRING,
TNAM5 TYPE STRING,
OFFS1 TYPE STRING,
OFFS2 TYPE STRING,
OFFS3 TYPE STRING,
OFFS4 TYPE STRING,
OFFS5 TYPE STRING,
LENG1 TYPE STRING,
LENG2 TYPE STRING,
LENG3 TYPE STRING,
LENG4 TYPE STRING,
LENG5 TYPE STRING,
SABST TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_T021M_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_T021M_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-PROGN sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-ANWND sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-SRVAR sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-FELD1 sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-FELD2 sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-FELD3 sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-FELD4 sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-FELD5 sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-TNAM1 sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-TNAM2 sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-TNAM3 sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-TNAM4 sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-TNAM5 sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-OFFS1 sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-OFFS2 sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-OFFS3 sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-OFFS4 sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-OFFS5 sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-LENG1 sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-LENG2 sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-LENG3 sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-LENG4 sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-LENG5 sy-vline 
WA_T021M_STR-SABST sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.