ABAP Select data from SAP table T311L into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP T311L table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to T311L. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the T311L table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_T311L TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF T311L,
      WA_T311L TYPE T311L,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <T311L> TYPE T311L.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_T311L.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM T311L
  INTO TABLE IT_T311L.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM T311L
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_T311L2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_T311L INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_T311L2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_T311L ASSIGNING <T311L>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<T311L>-MANDT = 1.
<T311L>-LGNUM = 1.
<T311L>-REFNR = 1.
<T311L>-LANUM = 1.
<T311L>-L2SKA = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_T311L INTO WA_T311L.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_T311L-DATUM, sy-vline,
  WA_T311L-UZEIT, sy-vline,
  WA_T311L-KZDRU, sy-vline,
  WA_T311L-DRUKZ, sy-vline,
  WA_T311L-LDEST, sy-vline,
  WA_T311L-KZKOM, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_T311L you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_T311L TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_T311L INTO WA_T311L.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field REFNR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_T311L-REFNR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_T311L-REFNR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit SPDEV, internal->external for field LDEST
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_SPDEV_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_T311L-LDEST
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_T311L-LDEST.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_T311L_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
LGNUM TYPE STRING,
REFNR TYPE STRING,
LANUM TYPE STRING,
L2SKA TYPE STRING,
DATUM TYPE STRING,
UZEIT TYPE STRING,
KZDRU TYPE STRING,
DRUKZ TYPE STRING,
LDEST TYPE STRING,
KZKOM TYPE STRING,
KZERL TYPE STRING,
KZQUI TYPE STRING,
KZDIF TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_T311L_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_T311L_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_T311L_STR-LGNUM sy-vline 
WA_T311L_STR-REFNR sy-vline 
WA_T311L_STR-LANUM sy-vline 
WA_T311L_STR-L2SKA sy-vline 
WA_T311L_STR-DATUM sy-vline 
WA_T311L_STR-UZEIT sy-vline 
WA_T311L_STR-KZDRU sy-vline 
WA_T311L_STR-DRUKZ sy-vline 
WA_T311L_STR-LDEST sy-vline 
WA_T311L_STR-KZKOM sy-vline 
WA_T311L_STR-KZERL sy-vline 
WA_T311L_STR-KZQUI sy-vline 
WA_T311L_STR-KZDIF sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.