ABAP Select data from SAP table T854S into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP T854S table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to T854S. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the T854S table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_T854S TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF T854S,
      WA_T854S TYPE T854S,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <T854S> TYPE T854S.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_T854S.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM T854S
  INTO TABLE IT_T854S.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM T854S
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_T854S2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_T854S INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_T854S2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_T854S ASSIGNING <T854S>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<T854S>-MANDT = 1.
<T854S>-RVERS = 1.
<T854S>-ITKEY = 1.
<T854S>-DCIND = 1.
<T854S>-GRPCD = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_T854S INTO WA_T854S.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_T854S-ITEM, sy-vline,
  WA_T854S-RMVCT, sy-vline,
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_T854S you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_T854S TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_T854S INTO WA_T854S.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field RVERS
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_T854S-RVERS
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_T854S-RVERS.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field GRPCD
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_T854S-GRPCD
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_T854S-GRPCD.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field ITEM
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_T854S-ITEM
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_T854S-ITEM.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_T854S_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
RVERS TYPE STRING,
ITKEY TYPE STRING,
DCIND TYPE STRING,
GRPCD TYPE STRING,
ITEM TYPE STRING,
RMVCT TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_T854S_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_T854S_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_T854S_STR-RVERS sy-vline 
WA_T854S_STR-ITKEY sy-vline 
WA_T854S_STR-DCIND sy-vline 
WA_T854S_STR-GRPCD sy-vline 
WA_T854S_STR-ITEM sy-vline 
WA_T854S_STR-RMVCT sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.