ABAP Select data from SAP table TOAPI into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP TOAPI table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to TOAPI. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the TOAPI table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_TOAPI TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF TOAPI,
      WA_TOAPI TYPE TOAPI,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <TOAPI> TYPE TOAPI.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_TOAPI.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM TOAPI
  INTO TABLE IT_TOAPI.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM TOAPI
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_TOAPI2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_TOAPI INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_TOAPI2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_TOAPI ASSIGNING <TOAPI>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<TOAPI>-FCT_NAME = 1.
<TOAPI>-FCT_VERS = 1.
<TOAPI>-STATUS = 1.
<TOAPI>-PROTOCOL = 1.
<TOAPI>-VERSION = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_TOAPI INTO WA_TOAPI.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_TOAPI-FUNC_NAME, sy-vline,
  WA_TOAPI-REFER_CODE, sy-vline,
  WA_TOAPI-RETURN_COD, sy-vline,
  WA_TOAPI-DESTINAT, sy-vline,
  WA_TOAPI-LU, sy-vline,
  WA_TOAPI-TP, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_TOAPI you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_TOAPI TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_TOAPI INTO WA_TOAPI.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_TOAPI_STR, 
FCT_NAME TYPE STRING,
FCT_VERS TYPE STRING,
STATUS TYPE STRING,
PROTOCOL TYPE STRING,
VERSION TYPE STRING,
FUNC_NAME TYPE STRING,
REFER_CODE TYPE STRING,
RETURN_COD TYPE STRING,
DESTINAT TYPE STRING,
LU TYPE STRING,
TP TYPE STRING,
GWHOST TYPE STRING,
GWSERVER TYPE STRING,
CLIENT TYPE STRING,
EXPIR_DATE TYPE STRING,
S_PATH TYPE STRING,
S_ARCH_ID TYPE STRING,
S_ARC_D_ID TYPE STRING,
S_ARC_D_IX TYPE STRING,
PRIORITY TYPE STRING,
AREA TYPE STRING,
RESERVE130 TYPE STRING,
T_ARCH_ID TYPE STRING,
DOC_STATUS TYPE STRING,
DOC_TYPE TYPE STRING,
ARCH_DATE TYPE STRING,
ARCH_TIME TYPE STRING,
OFFSET TYPE STRING,
LENGTH TYPE STRING,
NOTE_PATH TYPE STRING,
DESCR_PATH TYPE STRING,
ICON_PATH TYPE STRING,
DOC_PATH TYPE STRING,
ARCH_D_IDX TYPE STRING,
T_PATH TYPE STRING,
POOL_INFO TYPE STRING,
RESERVE TYPE STRING,
NOTE TYPE STRING,
VIEWER_NAM TYPE STRING,
VIEWER_OPT TYPE STRING,
A_LANGUAGE TYPE STRING,
WINDOW_TIT TYPE STRING,
WINDOW_ID TYPE STRING,
FILE_NAMES TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_TOAPI_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_TOAPI_STR-FCT_NAME sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-FCT_VERS sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-STATUS sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-PROTOCOL sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-VERSION sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-FUNC_NAME sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-REFER_CODE sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-RETURN_COD sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-DESTINAT sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-LU sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-TP sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-GWHOST sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-GWSERVER sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-CLIENT sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-EXPIR_DATE sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-S_PATH sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-S_ARCH_ID sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-S_ARC_D_ID sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-S_ARC_D_IX sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-PRIORITY sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-AREA sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-RESERVE130 sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-T_ARCH_ID sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-DOC_STATUS sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-DOC_TYPE sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-ARCH_DATE sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-ARCH_TIME sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-OFFSET sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-LENGTH sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-NOTE_PATH sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-DESCR_PATH sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-ICON_PATH sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-DOC_PATH sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-ARCH_D_IDX sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-T_PATH sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-POOL_INFO sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-RESERVE sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-NOTE sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-VIEWER_NAM sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-VIEWER_OPT sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-A_LANGUAGE sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-WINDOW_TIT sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-WINDOW_ID sy-vline 
WA_TOAPI_STR-FILE_NAMES sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.