ABAP Select data from SAP table VBRATE into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP VBRATE table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to VBRATE. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the VBRATE table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_VBRATE TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF VBRATE,
      WA_VBRATE TYPE VBRATE,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <VBRATE> TYPE VBRATE.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_VBRATE.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM VBRATE
  INTO TABLE IT_VBRATE.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM VBRATE
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_VBRATE2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_VBRATE INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_VBRATE2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_VBRATE ASSIGNING <VBRATE>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<VBRATE>-MANDT = 1.
<VBRATE>-BUKRS = 1.
<VBRATE>-RFHA = 1.
<VBRATE>-RFHAZU = 1.
<VBRATE>-RKURS = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_VBRATE INTO WA_VBRATE.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_VBRATE-CRUSER, sy-vline,
  WA_VBRATE-DCRDAT, sy-vline,
  WA_VBRATE-TCRTIM, sy-vline,
  WA_VBRATE-UPUSER, sy-vline,
  WA_VBRATE-DUPDAT, sy-vline,
  WA_VBRATE-TUPTIM, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_VBRATE you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_VBRATE TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_VBRATE INTO WA_VBRATE.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field RFHA
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VBRATE-RFHA
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VBRATE-RFHA.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_VBRATE_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
BUKRS TYPE STRING,
RFHA TYPE STRING,
RFHAZU TYPE STRING,
RKURS TYPE STRING,
CRUSER TYPE STRING,
DCRDAT TYPE STRING,
TCRTIM TYPE STRING,
UPUSER TYPE STRING,
DUPDAT TYPE STRING,
TUPTIM TYPE STRING,
DFESTSP TYPE STRING,
TFESTSP TYPE STRING,
DFESTSI TYPE STRING,
TFESTSI TYPE STRING,
JMANU TYPE STRING,
REFERENZ TYPE STRING,
ZSOLL TYPE STRING,
RKONDGR TYPE STRING,
SPOT1 TYPE STRING,
SPOT2 TYPE STRING,
SWAP1 TYPE STRING,
SWAP2 TYPE STRING,
SPOT_SE TYPE STRING,
SRUNIT_SE TYPE STRING,
RFEEDNAME TYPE STRING,
KZ TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_VBRATE_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_VBRATE_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-BUKRS sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-RFHA sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-RFHAZU sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-RKURS sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-CRUSER sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-DCRDAT sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-TCRTIM sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-UPUSER sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-DUPDAT sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-TUPTIM sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-DFESTSP sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-TFESTSP sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-DFESTSI sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-TFESTSI sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-JMANU sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-REFERENZ sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-ZSOLL sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-RKONDGR sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-SPOT1 sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-SPOT2 sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-SWAP1 sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-SWAP2 sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-SPOT_SE sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-SRUNIT_SE sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-RFEEDNAME sy-vline 
WA_VBRATE_STR-KZ sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.