ABAP Select data from SAP table VCT_FMT into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP VCT_FMT table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to VCT_FMT. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the VCT_FMT table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_VCT_FMT TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF VCT_FMT,
      WA_VCT_FMT TYPE VCT_FMT,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <VCT_FMT> TYPE VCT_FMT.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_VCT_FMT.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM VCT_FMT
  INTO TABLE IT_VCT_FMT.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM VCT_FMT
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_VCT_FMT2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_VCT_FMT INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_VCT_FMT2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_VCT_FMT ASSIGNING <VCT_FMT>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<VCT_FMT>-LAYOUT = 1.
<VCT_FMT>-FRAMESHAPE = 1.
<VCT_FMT>-D3_EFFECT = 1.
<VCT_FMT>-SHADOW = 1.
<VCT_FMT>-SHADOW_COL = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_VCT_FMT INTO WA_VCT_FMT.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_VCT_FMT-LINE_WIDTH, sy-vline,
  WA_VCT_FMT-DOUBLE_FRM, sy-vline,
  WA_VCT_FMT-TOP_HOT, sy-vline,
  WA_VCT_FMT-LEFT_HOT, sy-vline,
  WA_VCT_FMT-RIGHT_HOT, sy-vline,
  WA_VCT_FMT-BOTTOM_HOT, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_VCT_FMT you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_VCT_FMT TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_VCT_FMT INTO WA_VCT_FMT.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_VCT_FMT_STR, 
LAYOUT TYPE STRING,
FRAMESHAPE TYPE STRING,
D3_EFFECT TYPE STRING,
SHADOW TYPE STRING,
SHADOW_COL TYPE STRING,
LINE_WIDTH TYPE STRING,
DOUBLE_FRM TYPE STRING,
TOP_HOT TYPE STRING,
LEFT_HOT TYPE STRING,
RIGHT_HOT TYPE STRING,
BOTTOM_HOT TYPE STRING,
ALL_HOT TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_VCT_FMT_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_VCT_FMT_STR-LAYOUT sy-vline 
WA_VCT_FMT_STR-FRAMESHAPE sy-vline 
WA_VCT_FMT_STR-D3_EFFECT sy-vline 
WA_VCT_FMT_STR-SHADOW sy-vline 
WA_VCT_FMT_STR-SHADOW_COL sy-vline 
WA_VCT_FMT_STR-LINE_WIDTH sy-vline 
WA_VCT_FMT_STR-DOUBLE_FRM sy-vline 
WA_VCT_FMT_STR-TOP_HOT sy-vline 
WA_VCT_FMT_STR-LEFT_HOT sy-vline 
WA_VCT_FMT_STR-RIGHT_HOT sy-vline 
WA_VCT_FMT_STR-BOTTOM_HOT sy-vline 
WA_VCT_FMT_STR-ALL_HOT sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.