ABAP Select data from SAP table VIAK20S into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP VIAK20S table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to VIAK20S. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the VIAK20S table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_VIAK20S TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF VIAK20S,
      WA_VIAK20S TYPE VIAK20S,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <VIAK20S> TYPE VIAK20S.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_VIAK20S.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM VIAK20S
  INTO TABLE IT_VIAK20S.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM VIAK20S
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_VIAK20S2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_VIAK20S INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_VIAK20S2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_VIAK20S ASSIGNING <VIAK20S>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<VIAK20S>-MANDT = 1.
<VIAK20S>-BUKRS = 1.
<VIAK20S>-SMIVE = 1.
<VIAK20S>-SWENR = 1.
<VIAK20S>-SMENR = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_VIAK20S INTO WA_VIAK20S.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_VIAK20S-SBEWART, sy-vline,
  WA_VIAK20S-DVONPER, sy-vline,
  WA_VIAK20S-NPERSOND, sy-vline,
  WA_VIAK20S-SNKSL, sy-vline,
  WA_VIAK20S-DBISPER, sy-vline,
  WA_VIAK20S-SKOART, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_VIAK20S you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_VIAK20S TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_VIAK20S INTO WA_VIAK20S.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field SMIVE
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VIAK20S-SMIVE
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VIAK20S-SMIVE.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit SWENR, internal->external for field SWENR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_SWENR_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VIAK20S-SWENR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VIAK20S-SWENR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit SMENR, internal->external for field SMENR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_SMENR_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VIAK20S-SMENR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VIAK20S-SMENR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field SNKSL
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VIAK20S-SNKSL
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VIAK20S-SNKSL.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit SWENR, internal->external for field AESWENR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_SWENR_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VIAK20S-AESWENR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VIAK20S-AESWENR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field AESNKSL
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VIAK20S-AESNKSL
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VIAK20S-AESNKSL.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field AESEMPSL
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VIAK20S-AESEMPSL
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VIAK20S-AESEMPSL.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_VIAK20S_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
BUKRS TYPE STRING,
SMIVE TYPE STRING,
SWENR TYPE STRING,
SMENR TYPE STRING,
SBEWART TYPE STRING,
DVONPER TYPE STRING,
NPERSOND TYPE STRING,
SNKSL TYPE STRING,
DBISPER TYPE STRING,
SKOART TYPE STRING,
VVBKOPTG TYPE STRING,
BNETTO TYPE STRING,
BSTEUER TYPE STRING,
BHWHR TYPE STRING,
BGUFO TYPE STRING,
BMWST TYPE STRING,
MWSKZ TYPE STRING,
DVZNEU TYPE STRING,
BVZNEU TYPE STRING,
BKONDALT TYPE STRING,
VVSKVZA TYPE STRING,
DABRECH TYPE STRING,
VVABBLN TYPE STRING,
DMBTR TYPE STRING,
MWSTS TYPE STRING,
BNAVST TYPE STRING,
BSTBAS TYPE STRING,
BSTBTR TYPE STRING,
PERHVZ TYPE STRING,
BSTKORR TYPE STRING,
ABREART TYPE STRING,
TXJCD TYPE STRING,
MAXCOST TYPE STRING,
REBKOPTG TYPE STRING,
BNETTO_REAL TYPE STRING,
BSTBAS_REAL TYPE STRING,
BSTBTR_REAL TYPE STRING,
WAERS TYPE STRING,
BBRTBKW TYPE STRING,
VVBKOPMO TYPE STRING,
BVZDIFF TYPE STRING,
AESWENR TYPE STRING,
AESNKSL TYPE STRING,
AESEMPSL TYPE STRING,
BSALDRW TYPE STRING,
RGJNR TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_VIAK20S_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_VIAK20S_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-BUKRS sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-SMIVE sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-SWENR sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-SMENR sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-SBEWART sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-DVONPER sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-NPERSOND sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-SNKSL sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-DBISPER sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-SKOART sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-VVBKOPTG sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-BNETTO sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-BSTEUER sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-BHWHR sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-BGUFO sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-BMWST sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-MWSKZ sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-DVZNEU sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-BVZNEU sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-BKONDALT sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-VVSKVZA sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-DABRECH sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-VVABBLN sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-DMBTR sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-MWSTS sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-BNAVST sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-BSTBAS sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-BSTBTR sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-PERHVZ sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-BSTKORR sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-ABREART sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-TXJCD sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-MAXCOST sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-REBKOPTG sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-BNETTO_REAL sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-BSTBAS_REAL sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-BSTBTR_REAL sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-WAERS sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-BBRTBKW sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-VVBKOPMO sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-BVZDIFF sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-AESWENR sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-AESNKSL sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-AESEMPSL sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-BSALDRW sy-vline 
WA_VIAK20S_STR-RGJNR sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.