ABAP Select data from SAP table VTB_POSTING_LOG into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP VTB_POSTING_LOG table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to VTB_POSTING_LOG. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the VTB_POSTING_LOG table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_VTB_POSTING_LOG TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF VTB_POSTING_LOG,
      WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG TYPE VTB_POSTING_LOG,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <VTB_POSTING_LOG> TYPE VTB_POSTING_LOG.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_VTB_POSTING_LOG.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM VTB_POSTING_LOG
  INTO TABLE IT_VTB_POSTING_LOG.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM VTB_POSTING_LOG
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_VTB_POSTING_LOG2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_VTB_POSTING_LOG INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_VTB_POSTING_LOG ASSIGNING <VTB_POSTING_LOG>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<VTB_POSTING_LOG>-BUKRS = 1.
<VTB_POSTING_LOG>-RFHA = 1.
<VTB_POSTING_LOG>-RFHAZU = 1.
<VTB_POSTING_LOG>-DCRDAT = 1.
<VTB_POSTING_LOG>-TCRTIM = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_VTB_POSTING_LOG INTO WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG-RFHAZB, sy-vline,
  WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG-AWKEY, sy-vline,
  WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG-DZTERM, sy-vline,
  WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG-SFHAZBA, sy-vline,
  WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG-SSIGN, sy-vline,
  WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG-SZART, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_VTB_POSTING_LOG TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_VTB_POSTING_LOG INTO WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field RFHA
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG-RFHA
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG-RFHA.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field BELNR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG-BELNR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG-BELNR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit GJAHR, internal->external for field GJAHR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_GJAHR_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG-GJAHR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG-GJAHR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field SAKN1
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG-SAKN1
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG-SAKN1.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field SAKN2
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG-SAKN2
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG-SAKN2.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR, 
BUKRS TYPE STRING,
RFHA TYPE STRING,
RFHAZU TYPE STRING,
DCRDAT TYPE STRING,
TCRTIM TYPE STRING,
RFHAZB TYPE STRING,
AWKEY TYPE STRING,
DZTERM TYPE STRING,
SFHAZBA TYPE STRING,
SSIGN TYPE STRING,
SZART TYPE STRING,
BZBETR TYPE STRING,
WZBETR TYPE STRING,
BHWBETR TYPE STRING,
BELNR TYPE STRING,
GJAHR TYPE STRING,
DBUCHUNG TYPE STRING,
BLART TYPE STRING,
ATTR1 TYPE STRING,
BSCH1 TYPE STRING,
SAKN1 TYPE STRING,
BSCH2 TYPE STRING,
SAKN2 TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR-BUKRS sy-vline 
WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR-RFHA sy-vline 
WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR-RFHAZU sy-vline 
WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR-DCRDAT sy-vline 
WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR-TCRTIM sy-vline 
WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR-RFHAZB sy-vline 
WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR-AWKEY sy-vline 
WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR-DZTERM sy-vline 
WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR-SFHAZBA sy-vline 
WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR-SSIGN sy-vline 
WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR-SZART sy-vline 
WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR-BZBETR sy-vline 
WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR-WZBETR sy-vline 
WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR-BHWBETR sy-vline 
WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR-BELNR sy-vline 
WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR-GJAHR sy-vline 
WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR-DBUCHUNG sy-vline 
WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR-BLART sy-vline 
WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR-ATTR1 sy-vline 
WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR-BSCH1 sy-vline 
WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR-SAKN1 sy-vline 
WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR-BSCH2 sy-vline 
WA_VTB_POSTING_LOG_STR-SAKN2 sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.