ABAP Select data from SAP table VTBUHEADER into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP VTBUHEADER table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to VTBUHEADER. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the VTBUHEADER table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_VTBUHEADER TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF VTBUHEADER,
      WA_VTBUHEADER TYPE VTBUHEADER,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <VTBUHEADER> TYPE VTBUHEADER.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_VTBUHEADER.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM VTBUHEADER
  INTO TABLE IT_VTBUHEADER.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM VTBUHEADER
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_VTBUHEADER2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_VTBUHEADER INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_VTBUHEADER2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_VTBUHEADER ASSIGNING <VTBUHEADER>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<VTBUHEADER>-MANDT = 1.
<VTBUHEADER>-RANTYP = 1.
<VTBUHEADER>-SANLF = 1.
<VTBUHEADER>-RFHA = 1.
<VTBUHEADER>-SFHAART = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_VTBUHEADER INTO WA_VTBUHEADER.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_VTBUHEADER-RFHAZU, sy-vline,
  WA_VTBUHEADER-SGSART, sy-vline,
  WA_VTBUHEADER-XFATEXT, sy-vline,
  WA_VTBUHEADER-XSGSART, sy-vline,
  WA_VTBUHEADER-BUTXT, sy-vline,
  WA_VTBUHEADER-SL1FHABA, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_VTBUHEADER you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_VTBUHEADER TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_VTBUHEADER INTO WA_VTBUHEADER.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field RFHA
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VTBUHEADER-RFHA
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VTBUHEADER-RFHA.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field RGATT
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VTBUHEADER-RGATT
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VTBUHEADER-RGATT.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field OPTNR
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VTBUHEADER-OPTNR
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VTBUHEADER-OPTNR.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_VTBUHEADER_STR, 
MANDT TYPE STRING,
RANTYP TYPE STRING,
SANLF TYPE STRING,
RFHA TYPE STRING,
SFHAART TYPE STRING,
RFHAZU TYPE STRING,
SGSART TYPE STRING,
XFATEXT TYPE STRING,
XSGSART TYPE STRING,
BUTXT TYPE STRING,
SL1FHABA TYPE STRING,
SL2FHABA TYPE STRING,
SINAKTK TYPE STRING,
SSTORNO TYPE STRING,
SEBENE TYPE STRING,
SEBENE2 TYPE STRING,
RREFKONT TYPE STRING,
RGATT TYPE STRING,
SFGTYP TYPE STRING,
SFGZUSTT TYPE STRING,
XTEXT TYPE STRING,
RFHAZUL TYPE STRING,
RFHAZUNR TYPE STRING,
OPTNR TYPE STRING,
XNAME TYPE STRING,
XFOGRUPP TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_VTBUHEADER_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-MANDT sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-RANTYP sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-SANLF sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-RFHA sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-SFHAART sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-RFHAZU sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-SGSART sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-XFATEXT sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-XSGSART sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-BUTXT sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-SL1FHABA sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-SL2FHABA sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-SINAKTK sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-SSTORNO sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-SEBENE sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-SEBENE2 sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-RREFKONT sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-RGATT sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-SFGTYP sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-SFGZUSTT sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-XTEXT sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-RFHAZUL sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-RFHAZUNR sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-OPTNR sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-XNAME sy-vline 
WA_VTBUHEADER_STR-XFOGRUPP sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.