ABAP Select data from SAP table VTG_HEADER into internal table

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Below is a number of ABAP code snippets to demonstrate how to select data from SAP VTG_HEADER table and store it within an internal table, including using the newer @DATA inline declaration methods. It also shows you various ways to process this data using ABAP work area, inline declaration or field symbols including executing all the relevant CONVERSION_EXIT routines specific to VTG_HEADER. See here for more generic Select statement tips.

Sometimes data within SAP is stored within the database table in a different format to what it is displayed to the user. These input/output conversation FM routines are what translates the data between the two formats.

There is also a full declaration of the VTG_HEADER table where each field has a char/string type for you to simply copy and paste. This allows you to use processing that is only available to these field types such as the CONCATENATE statement.

DATA: IT_VTG_HEADER TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF VTG_HEADER,
      WA_VTG_HEADER TYPE VTG_HEADER,
      GD_STR TYPE STRING.

DATA: lo_typedescr type REF TO cl_abap_typedescr.
DATA: lv_fieldname type fieldname.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FIELD> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <VTG_HEADER> TYPE VTG_HEADER.

*Process all fields in table header/work area as string values
  PERFORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING wa_VTG_HEADER.

SELECT *
*restrict ABAP select to first 10 rows
 UP TO 10 ROWS      
  FROM VTG_HEADER
  INTO TABLE IT_VTG_HEADER.

*Select data and declare internal table using in-line method @DATA
*SELECT *
*  FROM VTG_HEADER
*  INTO TABLE @DATA(IT_VTG_HEADER2).
*--Further methods of using ABAP code to  select data from SAP database tables

*You can also declare the header/work area using the in-line DATA declaration method
READ TABLE IT_VTG_HEADER INDEX 1 INTO DATA(WA_VTG_HEADER2).


*Demonstrate how to loop at an internal table and update values using a FIELD-SYMBOL
LOOP AT IT_VTG_HEADER ASSIGNING <VTG_HEADER>.

*To update a field value using a field symbol simply change the value via the field symbol pointer
<VTG_HEADER>-BUKRS = 1.
<VTG_HEADER>-RFHA = 1.
<VTG_HEADER>-RGATT = 1.
<VTG_HEADER>-RFHAZU = 1.
<VTG_HEADER>-RANTYP = 1.

ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT IT_VTG_HEADER INTO WA_VTG_HEADER.
*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Write selected data to screen/report before conversion.
  WRITE:/ sy-vline,   WA_VTG_HEADER-SANLF, sy-vline,
  WA_VTG_HEADER-SFGTYP, sy-vline,
  WA_VTG_HEADER-SFGZUSTT, sy-vline,
  WA_VTG_HEADER-SGSART, sy-vline,
  WA_VTG_HEADER-SFHAART, sy-vline,
  WA_VTG_HEADER-RANL, sy-vline.
ENDLOOP.
   
*Add any further fields from structure WA_VTG_HEADER you want to display...

  WRITE:/ sy-uline.
* Aternatively use generic code to Write field values (and NAME) to screen report
  DO.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE wa_VTG_HEADER TO <field>.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
    WRITE:/ 'Field Value', <field>, sy-vline.
    gd_str = <field> .
    lo_typedescr ?= CL_ABAP_DATADESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_DATA( <field> ).
    lv_fieldname = lo_typedescr->GET_RELATIVE_NAME( ).
    WRITE:/ 'Field Name', lv_fieldname.
  ENDDO.

  
*Redo loop but convert all fields from internal to out value  
LOOP AT IT_VTG_HEADER INTO WA_VTG_HEADER.


*Write horizonal line to screen report.
  WRITE:/ sy-uline.

*Convert all fields to display/output versions using conversion routines
  PERFORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING wa_EKKO.
	 
ENDLOOP.

  
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form convert_all_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM convert_all_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.
DATA: ld_input(1000) TYPE c, ld_output(1000) TYPE C.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field RFHA
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VTG_HEADER-RFHA
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VTG_HEADER-RFHA.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field RGATT
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VTG_HEADER-RGATT
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VTG_HEADER-RGATT.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.

*Conversion exit ALPHA, internal->external for field RANL
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
  EXPORTING
    input =                      WA_VTG_HEADER-RANL
  IMPORTING
    output =                     ld_input.
WRITE:/ 'Org Value:', WA_VTG_HEADER-RANL.
WRITE:/ 'New Value:', ld_input.
ENDFORM. 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form process_as_string_field_values
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_as_string_field_values CHANGING p_EKKO LIKE wa_EKKO.

TYPES: BEGIN OF T_VTG_HEADER_STR, 
BUKRS TYPE STRING,
RFHA TYPE STRING,
RGATT TYPE STRING,
RFHAZU TYPE STRING,
RANTYP TYPE STRING,
SANLF TYPE STRING,
SFGTYP TYPE STRING,
SFGZUSTT TYPE STRING,
SGSART TYPE STRING,
SFHAART TYPE STRING,
RANL TYPE STRING,
XBUKRS TYPE STRING,
XGSART TYPE STRING,
XFHAART TYPE STRING,
XRFHA TYPE STRING,
XALKZ TYPE STRING,
XALLB TYPE STRING,
XFGZUSTT TYPE STRING,END OF T_EKKO_STR.
DATA: WA_VTG_HEADER_STR type T_EKKO_STR.

DATA: ld_text TYPE string.

LOOP AT IT_EKKO INTO WA_EKKO.
  MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_EKKO TO WA_EKKO_STR.
  CONCATENATE: sy-vline
WA_VTG_HEADER_STR-BUKRS sy-vline 
WA_VTG_HEADER_STR-RFHA sy-vline 
WA_VTG_HEADER_STR-RGATT sy-vline 
WA_VTG_HEADER_STR-RFHAZU sy-vline 
WA_VTG_HEADER_STR-RANTYP sy-vline 
WA_VTG_HEADER_STR-SANLF sy-vline 
WA_VTG_HEADER_STR-SFGTYP sy-vline 
WA_VTG_HEADER_STR-SFGZUSTT sy-vline 
WA_VTG_HEADER_STR-SGSART sy-vline 
WA_VTG_HEADER_STR-SFHAART sy-vline 
WA_VTG_HEADER_STR-RANL sy-vline 
WA_VTG_HEADER_STR-XBUKRS sy-vline 
WA_VTG_HEADER_STR-XGSART sy-vline 
WA_VTG_HEADER_STR-XFHAART sy-vline 
WA_VTG_HEADER_STR-XRFHA sy-vline 
WA_VTG_HEADER_STR-XALKZ sy-vline 
WA_VTG_HEADER_STR-XALLB sy-vline 
WA_VTG_HEADER_STR-XFGZUSTT sy-vline      INTO ld_text SEPARATED BY SPACE.

*Add any further fields from structure WA_EKKO_STR you want to CONCATENATE...
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.